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Prof 

Syed, Khajamohiddin

Faculty: Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering
Department: Biochemistry and Microbiology
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-3570
Research Interest(s): Bioinformatic, Genome-wide studies, Drug discovery, Communicable and non-communicable diseases, Sructural biology and evolution.
Active Community Engagement: South African Society for Microbiology (SASM) (membership number: 1518). Society of Biological Chemists (INDIA) (SBC, INDIA) (Life Membership number: 3218). South African Society for Bioinformatics (SASBi). South African Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SASBMB).
Biography: Prof Syed completed his M.Sc. in Biochemistry, receiving the gold medal, and a Ph.D. at Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Andhra Pradesh, India. After his doctoral studies he worked as postdoctoral research associate at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa (2006-2009); as a visiting scholar at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (2009-2013) and as a Lecturer and then Associate Professor at Central University of Technology (2013-2017). Currently he is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, KwaZulu-Natal.
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2022 - 20233
Subject: Biosynthetic gene clusters ×
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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Genome-wide analysis of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the lichenized fungi of the class Lecanoromycetes
    2023
     | MDPI
    Lichens are unique organisms that exhibit a permanent symbiosis between fungi and algae or fungi and photosynthetic bacteria. Lichens have been found to produce biotechnologically valuable secondary metabolites. A handful of studies showed that tailoring enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s) play a key role in synthesizing these metabolites. Despite the critical role of P450s in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, the systematic analysis of P450s in lichens has yet to be reported. This study is aimed to address this research gap. A genome-wide analysis of P450s in five lichens from the fungal class Lecanoromycetes revealed the presence of 434 P450s that are grouped into 178 P450 families and 345 P450 subfamilies. The study indicated that none of the P450 families bloomed, and 15 P450 families were conserved in all five Lecanoromycetes. Lecanoromycetes have more P450s and higher P450 family diversity compared to Pezizomycetes. A total of 73 P450s were found to be part of secondary metabolite gene clusters, indicating their potential involvement in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Annotation of P450s revealed that CYP682BG1 and CYP682BG2 from Cladonia grayi and Pseudevernia furfuracea (physodic acid chemotype) are involved in the synthesis of grayanic acid and physodic acid, CYP65FQ2 from Stereocaulon alpinum is involved in the synthesis of atranorin, and CYP6309A2 from Cladonia uncialis is involved in the synthesis of usnic acid. This study serves as a reference for future annotation of P450s in lichens.
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    Saprophytic to pathogenic mycobacteria: loss of cytochrome p450s vis a vis their prominent involvement in natural metabolite biosynthesis
    2022
     | MDPI
    Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s/CYPs) are ubiquitous enzymes with unique regio- and stereo-selective oxidation activities. Due to these properties, P450s play a key role in the biosynthesis of natural metabolites. Mycobacterial species are well-known producers of complex metabolites that help them survive in diverse ecological niches, including in the host. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of P450s and their role in natural metabolite synthesis in 2666 mycobacterial species was carried out. The study revealed the presence of 62,815 P450s that can be grouped into 182 P450 families and 345 subfamilies. Blooming (the presence of more than one copy of the same gene) and expansion (presence of the same gene in many species) were observed at the family and subfamily levels. CYP135 was the dominant family in mycobacterial species. The mycobacterial species have distinct P450 profiles, indicating that lifestyle impacts P450 content in their genome vis a vis P450s, playing a key role in organisms’ adaptation. Analysis of the P450 profile revealed a gradual loss of P450s from non-pathogenic to pathogenic mycobacteria. Pathogenic mycobacteria have more P450s in biosynthetic gene clusters that produce natural metabolites. This indicates that P450s are recruited for the biosynthesis of unique metabolites, thus helping these pathogens survive in their niches. This study is the first to analyze P450s and their role in natural metabolite synthesis in many mycobacterial species.
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    An unprecedented number of cytochrome p450s are involved in secondary metabolism in Salinispora species
    2022
     | MDPI
    Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s) are heme thiolate proteins present in species across the biological kingdoms. By virtue of their broad substrate promiscuity and regio- and stereo-selectivity, these enzymes enhance or attribute diversity to secondary metabolites. Actinomycetes species are well-known producers of secondary metabolites, especially Salinispora species. Despite the importance of P450s, a comprehensive comparative analysis of P450s and their role in secondary metabolism in Salinispora species is not reported. We therefore analyzed P450s in 126 strains from three different species Salinispora arenicola, S. pacifica, and S. tropica. The study revealed the presence of 2643 P450s that can be grouped into 45 families and 103 subfamilies. CYP107 and CYP125 families are conserved, and CYP105 and CYP107 families are bloomed (a P450 family with many members) across Salinispora species. Analysis of P450s that are part of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) revealed Salinispora species have an unprecedented number of P450s (1236 P450s-47%) part of smBGCs compared to other bacterial species belonging to the genera Streptomyces (23%) and Mycobacterium (11%), phyla Cyanobacteria (8%) and Firmicutes (18%) and the classes Alphaproteobacteria (2%) and Gammaproteobacteria (18%). A peculiar characteristic of up to six P450s in smBGCs was observed in Salinispora species. Future characterization Salinispora species P450s and their smBGCs have the potential for discovering novel secondary metabolites.
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