Loading...
Masters Theses
A phenomenological explication of psycho-political trauma at the University of Zululand
Advisor: Prof Ngcobo, H. S. B.
Attachments [1]
Issue Date: 2009
Language: English
More Detail
Abstract:
South Africa has 23 institutions of higher learning. Due to the apartheid regime five of these institutions were built specifically to service Black people in the then Bantu homelands. The University of Zululand is one of the five. The University of Zululand has a long history of political violence dating back in the 1970s. This University is situated in the rural area of Zululand, the most politically conscious area of KwaZulu Natal. As a psychology student in this University the author was interested in understanding the dynamics of political violence and trauma on students at the University of Zululand. Institutions of higher learning are feeder sources of private companies, government departments and civil society. The researcher is interested in understanding the effect of learning or enduring political violence as a student, if it can affect one's leadership in higher positions later in life. Phenomenological explication was conducted to establish the internal attitudes and experiences of students who experienced political violence at some point during their time at the University of Zululand. The aim was to understand the reality as experienced by these students. To get rich data, 7 participants were sampled with purposive sampling method from the two main student political formations on campus, namely South African Democratic Students' Movement [SADESMO] and South African Students' Congress [SASCO]. Azanian Students Congress [AZASCO] comrades were unable to participation in this study. Structured interviews were conducted using a standardised questionnaire. Results are presented per participants, and later common emerging themes are identified.
Description:
Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts to fulfil the requirements for the Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa
Related items (Items from the same collection.)
Now showing 1 - 20 of 270
- The emergence of the new democratic order in South Africa has made unprecedented demands on higher education institutions to be responsible towards developing and training learners to meet the challenges of a developing country. This is a country that is becoming a global player in international tourism and hospitality, as well as the provision of trained students in the field. A major goal in higher education is to inspire and enable individuals to develop their capabilities to the highest potential, and to support the intellectual growth of students to ensure they are well equipped for the world of work, as well as contribute effectively to society and achieve personal fulfilment (CHE, 2001; Stefani, 1998). Higher education has a particularly important role to play in providing society with individuals trained in such a way that they can respond to the demands of knowledge-based occupations (CHE, 2001), and boast skills required by the South African workforce for participation in an increasingly competitive global economy (Mason, 1999). The hospitality industry is part of a larger enterprise known as the travel and tourism enterprise. The tourism industry contributes significantly to the economy of South Africa. Not surprisingly, the hospitality industry is a major contributor to the tourism sector. It is believed that tourism offers enormous opportunities for the creation of growth, development and wealth to destinations especially the education sector. The education sector in this study deals with The Durban University of Technology (DUT), arising from a merger with the former Natal Technikon and M L Sultan Technikon. Students are placed in the hospitality industry for two semesters for the Work Integrated Leaming (WIL). Although the benefits of the WIL are numerous and well-documented, (Harvey, et al. 1998), the experience of work is not in itself intrinsically beneficial. This dissertation is fundamentally about how WIL is perceived by both students and employers. It is argued that in order for learning to come from the experience, the WIL program needs to provide a meaningful experience, one that 1s intentional, organised and accredited by the Department of Education (DOE). On the basis of this background, this research study examines the role of the WIL on the educational delivery process, more specifically in the National Diploma: Hospitality Management at the Durban University of Technology. In this regard, to put the investigation in its proper perspective, the following objectives were formulated: a) to explore the extent to which "new" students understand the Work Integrated Learning in the study area. b) to examine the nature and content of the hospitality management curriculum. c) to investigate the perceptions of students that have undergone Work Integrated Learning in the Department of Hospitality Management Sciences. d) to ascertain perceptions of employers towards the Work Integrated Learning and training of hospitality management students e) to identify the existing gaps that exist between the Work Integrated Learning and the curriculum in hospitality management These objectives were analysed on the basis of hypotheses, which were structured in such a way that they were equivalent or somewhat similar to the objectives. These hypotheses were intended to assist in asking questions and providing educated answers to the questions. The collection of data for this study was done through the use of the questionnaire, which had both open-ended and closed ended questions. Data was analysed through the use of computer programme, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). This programme was used to formulate frequency tables and graphs to reflect responses of the subjects interviewed. The main findings of the study revealed that there is positive perception towards the Work Integrated Learning programme and the curriculum in the study area. The workplace was generally perceived as providing students with first-hand experience of the day-to-day operations of a real business, access to resources not available on campus, establishment of a work history, enhanced employment opportunities, access to an employer's reference, the establishment of a network of professional contacts and the possibility of acquiring ongoing employment. Essentially, the WIL programme was perceived positively by both students and employers. In order to address the raised concerns of the respondents, the research study made several recommendations. Some of these included tourism awareness initiatives, workplace mentors involvement in the school's curriculum, lecturers to spend time in industry to update themselves with current trends, setting up of advisory boards made up of industry personnel and educators and finally that the academic supervisors need to ensure that employers do not use students simply as 'cheap' or 'free' labour, but ensure they experience meaningful training and work exposure.
- 1
- 3
- 0
- The study's primary objective was to examine the efficacy of local government's strategic measures utilized to combat poverty and inequality in Salamanga, Mozambique. It has come to light that the government of Mozambique's strategic initiatives are ineffective and fall short of their claimed goals. The report offers proof that the Salamanga community in Mozambique is still in need of help even after decades of gaining freedom. The community's distance from hospitals and schools continues to increase the population's lack of education. The majority of those who were able to pursue education at lower levels failed to reach tertiary level. The study also found that a lack of key financial resources, critical infrastructure, and educational opportunities correlates to community distress and enduring poverty. The study concluded from the discussion of the data that strategic measures to reduce poverty and inequality in Mozambique are ineffective and occasionally fail at implementation phase with no beneficial outcomes. However, the study found that, from the perspectives of the local authorities, Mozambique's local government's strategic efforts are effective and have a good impact on eradicating poverty and inequality. Government policy makers were advised to make sure that their plans are supported by enough and other pertinent resources in addition to looking good on paper. The research also recommended that the government of Mozambique make sure that any tactical actions aimed at reducing inequality and poverty be maintained for next generations. According to the survey, some community members aren't even aware of the government's strategic plans or programs used to combat poverty and inequality. This raises questions about the community's participation in and decision-making over matters that affect the community. It was suggested that the government must include the community to offer them an opportunity to voice their own ideas and opinions on measures for eradicating poverty and inequality.
- 1
- 4
- 0
- Violence against women is a significant problem that has been the focus of attention since the 1960s and 1970s. However, the research endeavor is relatively young and much remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine why, despite their success, education and independence, young black women remain in abusive relationships. A qualitative research methodology was employed with semi-structured interviews used for data collection and content analysis. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. Thirteen young, black women, with tertiary education and employed by an individual or organization participated in the study. A number of themes emerged during the interviews and in responses to the survey questions. Many of the reasons provided by the participants for remaining in an abusive relationship revolved around Fear, Shame, Insecurity/low self-esteem, Helplessness and Investment.
- 1
- 3
- 0
- Water plays a crucial role in the life of the society, even though the factors such as pollution, population growth and poor allocation of resources has placed severe pressures on sufficient and equitable water supply. Equitable access to water is part of the Sustainable Development Goals where it emphasise that the provision of water need to be sufficient, efficient, accessible, sustainable and affordable for all people in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological governance framework that support access to water and equitable access to water in the Alfred Duma Local Municipality. The methodology used was the quantitative approach and the data was collected using self-designed questionnaires. Stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 335 households and official respondents. The data was analysed through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Using the Chi-square statistical procedure and with 95% confidence, the decision rule for the hypothesis was stated as “accept the null hypothesis if the critical value (p-value) is < 0.05 and do not accept the null hypothesis if p-value is ˃ or = 0.05”. The findings show that ecological scale, decentralised approach to water, women participation in decision making and access to water are significantly associated with equity and human rights to potable water delivery among the population. Most women in the communities feel disempowered, marginalised and excluded from the process of decision making on water and sanitation. The Free Basic Water Policy is confronted with implementation challenges arising from the failure of the Municipality to provide the community with improved and equitable access to water and sanitation services. The study concludes that water is a basic human right and backbone to the economy of the Alfred Duma Local Municipality. Therefore, it is crucial for local communities to be involved in decision making process and their local experiences to be considered in equitable access to water supply. This must be done through the empowerment and recognition of the rights of women in decision making process. Women inclusion in water and sanitation delivery must be at the centre of Municipality's water governance efforts as it ensures accountable governance and that the needs and interest of women are represented in a fair and transparent manner. The study recommends that the Municipality should develop strategies for effective water governance, promote decentralisation, and encourage the participation of women in policies and decision making on water in order to improve the rights of the local people to have equal access to water within the Municipality.
- 1
- 3
- 0
- The aim of the study was to find out how heritage tourism can be used as a strategy for local economic development. The study was conducted at KwaBulawayo (Eshowe) and at Ondini (Ulundi) Cultural Centres and their surroundings. The study asserts that heritage tourism is embedded and can be explained within a shift from industrial to post-industrial mode of production and consumption, where aspects of society, such as heritage and culture are packaged for tourism consumption. The shift from industrial to post-industrial society and the associated packaging and consumption of heritage in the form of tourism forms the main theory of the study. This shift took place in the late 1970s when global economic system which was predicated on industrialisation and manufacturing experienced problems which were recessionary. Out of the recessionary problems, a new system of production called post-industrialisation or post-Fordism or post-modernity emerged. Post industrialisation came with new processes of production and consumption. With regards to consumption, consumerism became a feature of the new economy. Consumerism meant that aspects of the society, such as heritage and culture had to be packaged for the tourist consumption and revenue generation. The study employed the exploratory mixed methodology, which suggests that the study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. With analysis and interpretation of data, content analysis was used to analyse the interviews while, SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse quantitative data. The population of the study was comprised of the KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Official(s), Zululand and King Cetshwayo District Municipalities’ Tourism Officers, KwaBulawayo and Ondini Cultural Centres’ Site Managers, Tribal Authorities and community members of the KwaBulawayo and the Ondini Cultural Centres. The study conducted face-to-face interviews and a sample of thirty seven respondents was drawn from the tourism officials and communities. The study found that the role players, i.e. officials and community members,understand the study sites in terms of culture, history and tradition, which suggests that they have not moved beyond the use value of the heritage sites. The findings revealed that the community is well aware of the heritage sites, that is, the cases of this study. However, the study established that the majority of communities did not know how long the heritage sites have been in operation. With regards to the running of the study sites, based on the Provincial and District Officials’ responses, the results showed that the power to manage them is decentralised to the District and Local Levels. The findings showed that the marketing of the heritage sites is not satisfactory. However, the on-line marketing (e.g. Internet, Facebook) was found to be predominant. The general observation of the study showed that the branding of the heritage sites revolves around King Shaka and King Cetshwayo. The communities of the study areas embrace heritage tourism sites and are regarded as the most important role players in heritage tourism of the study areas. The study found that heritage tourism has been used as a strategy for the local economic development of the study areas. The findings presented that attributes, such as artefacts and infrastructure, e.g. roads, stimulate heritage tourism of the study areas. The study observed that the tourists’ turnout to the heritage sites is inadequate. The study, therefore, recommends that the heritage tourism sites, in collaboration with all stakeholders, need to find alternative strategies to improve heritage tourism in the study areas e.g. involving tourism operators in their tourism processes. This could assist the heritage sites to generate sufficient revenue to employ more locals and assist the emerging local entrepreneurs with funding to strengthen their business ventures. The study recommends that the heritage sites need to engage ordinary community members and the local businesspeople, especially those in the hospitality business in the tourism development processes. This could strengthen positive relationship between community members and the heritage tourism sites. The study further recommends that the key role players in heritage tourism of the study areas need to focus more on the exchange value than on the use value of the heritage sites. In the end, the study recommends further research, which will focus on the basic policy and/or a principle that could address community engagement to ensure a collective and/or beneficial participation in the entire tourism industry.
- 1
- 4
- 0
- This research study comprehends TVET graduates’ experiences after graduating from TVET colleges. For instance, in Vryheid, South Africa, most youths enrol and graduate from TVET colleges almost every year. They acquire vocational skills that enable them to participate actively in the job market. It was observed that some of them remain inactive with limited access to job markets after graduating from TVET colleges. Such encounters deepened one's understanding of TVET colleges as social structures in human societies for the development of those societies and individuals. The study is, therefore, underpinned by two theories – rites of passage and structural functionalism to understand the phenomenon being studied. TVET colleges were viewed as a “rite of passage” from one stage of life into another. Becoming a TVET graduate means that one needs to separate from parental dependence first, traverse through a phaseof transition, and then become incorporated into a new social state TVET graduate. In the transition process presented by rites of passage theory before the youth acquire their new identity of being TVET graduates, they first enter a “social structure” with its function in a society; namely TVET college. Hence, structural functionalism theory was used to explore the contribution of TVET colleges toward the lived experiences of TVET graduates. This research employed an interpretivism paradigm with a qualitative approach to listen to TVET graduates voicing their experiences after being incorporated into their communities. The study found that various reasons make the youth enrol in TVET colleges, among others, is the lack of funding and failure to meet university admission requirements. Graduates pointed out that teaching and learning in TVET colleges is satisfactory. However, a person needs in-service training before obtaining a national diploma. It became a challenge for some to get their certification in record time because of the delay in in-service training. After graduating, most graduates find difficulties in becoming active participants in the labour market. This puts them in a state of waithood; they cannot meet their needs and that of their families. The study revealed that their families are social grant dependents. This made family members have more expectations. They thought once a person graduates, it guarantees employment, which was not the case. Graduates stressed that it becomes a hassle to apply for jobs due to the lack of resources such as computers and printers. Financial support remains critical. When they return to their communities, peers inquire with expectations to study through TVET College. Some graduates decide to follow entrepreneurial paths as survival strategies. This research study recommends that local and national governments encourage industries to consider TVET graduates during recruitment.
- 1
- 5
- 0
- The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by rural women in development. KwaNdaya case study will be used to show their role. History has shown that rural community development programs in the past have been based on a variety of policy approaches, but many have not addressed women's roles as producers, caregivers and reproducers. Women's work, priorities and lives have not been incorporated into development agendas and policies, and as a result many development projects have failed. Women need to be seen as having the role of producers, careglVers and reproducers, all being essential for the maintenance of the family and community system. The assumption that there is some universal position that all women occupy in all societies must be eradicated. This is a descriptive exploratory study that explored the major role of rural women who are practicing small-scale community development project. In addition the study highlights the challenges and successful stories as reported by rural women in the study. This study was conducted in a remote rural area of KwaZulu-Natal Province. The population for the study was women who are working as a co-operative in their co=unity production centre. The KwaNdaya production centre steering committee was used as a focus group to collect data, unstructured interviews was conducted, a questionnaire was formulated and used to ask open-ended questions concerning their project in the Zulu language. Participatory research was used at KwaNdaya because it emphasizes the concepts of people, usually the oppressed whose concerns inform the focus of the research (Freire, 1972). Participatory action research (PAR) was also applied, because it claims to be an approach with less exploitative qualities than research which treats people as research material and as objects, such as ordinary surveys and especially research which uses people as test cases (Reason, 1990:142) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) principles were applied while gathering information at KwaNdaya that is, learning from, with and by local people where local people's criteria, classifications and categories was used. Their understanding, indigenous knowledge, viewpoints skills and practices was discowred and appreciated. Qualititative content analysis was used to analyse information that was collected as Huysamen (1994:36) confirmed that the qualititative analysis is less abstracted and closer to raw data analysis since it is in a form of words, which are context based and also can have more than one meaning. It was found that at KwaNdaya Production Centre women are faced with so many challenges but sWI are working together on a daily basis to achieve their goal that is, the alleviation of rural poverty and sWI their project which is small-scale in nature, is almost sustainable.
- 1
- 7
- 0
- Food insecurity is predominant in rural communities. In South Africa rural households experience food and nutritional insecurity. The potential of eradicating food Insecurity through indigenous foods is enormous. The study focuses on how indigenous foods could be used to improve household food security. This study was mainly qualitative, where semi-structured and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Therefore, this study was framed under Afrocentrism theory for a theoretical explanation that African issues must be addressed from an Afrocentric rather than Eurocentric perspective. Hence, Afrocentricity befits a fundamental theoretical perspective in the study of indigenous foods. If people can reconnect with their cultural identities, the acceptance of indigenous foods could improve. Cultural continuity is related to their ability to eat indigenous foods and continue their traditional practices. It was discovered that indigenous foods were predominant source of food for the rural communities, especially to the elderly people who appreciated these foods. However, change of lifestyle was highlighted as a reason why people do not consume indigenous food more often. Limited availability and accessibility of indigenous foods was also reported. The study indicated challenges that farmers face, while community members shed light on issues such as infertile soil, lack of water, and animal trespassing. It is recommended that the idea of the value of indigenous foods needs to be reintroduced and promoted amongst the South African population. The young generation should be educated about indigenous foods. Rural households should be provided with farming inputs which could improve their agricultural productivity as most households depend on farming for extra income to sustain their families. Also, there should be promotional education via media platforms to create awareness on the importance and health benefits of consuming indigenous foods. Households should be encouraged and educated about nutritious eating throughout life.
- 1
- 8
- 0
- Background: After the demise of apartheid and ushering in a new democratic government in 1994, South Africa saw migrants from different parts of world to South Africa descend to its shores in increased numbers. Moreover, available literature lump migrants together, and creates impression that most migrants in South Africa are from the SADC sub-region. Though, suggested that the surrounding countries tend to populate a particular endowed country, pockets of other distant countries are also found in such endowed country (Massey, 2015). The silent on the presence of other Sub-Saharan countries apart from SADC in South Africa and their livelihoods strategies in existing literature prompted the journey of this research. Aim: The study highlights the livelihoods strategies of Ghanaian migrants in the King Cetshwayo District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: Mixed methods, which comprises quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed to collect data. A questionnaire and semi-structured interview tools were used to complement each other’s weaknesses and present a very strong argument. Fifty (50) participants were earmarked for this study. Yet only forty (40) of them returned the questionnaire. For the qualitative part of this study, five (5) respondents were earmarked for the semi-structured interviews. Only three honoured the interviews and two (2) declined. Results: The study revealed that the Ghanaian migrants in the King Cetshwayo District, came to South Africa as a result of push factors such as, lack of employment, environmental factors as well as pull factors like high wages, infrastructural development, and noneconomic reasons like joining their families and friends. On their livelihood's strategies, measures such as buying fewer items during financial crisis, walking instead of taking taxi and renting rooms in the township to avoid expensive rent in suburbs were adopted. Then again, contributions such as sending housekeeping money, material items like clothes and cell phones, funeral donations and educational materials are usually sent back home to Ghana. The challenges identified were difficult to find employment opportunities in the public sector, name tagging by locals and how costly their local food such as yam, gari, palm nut oil and dried fish are. Conclusion: Overall, irrespective of challenges and name tags by the locals, the migrants are happy and live together with indigenes. The study found that there is an inter-marriage between the migrants and the locals. Moreover, the locals patronise businesses of the migrants.
- 1
- 8
- 0
- Agriculture is regarded as the sector that mostly relies on climate conditions for its productivity, yet in recent years this sector has been experiencing droughts. The study attempted to explain how commercial farming adaptation to droughts maybe be used as a strategy for stable Local Economic Growth (LEG) amongst commercial farms in Ugu District Municipality. This study situates the commercial farming adaptation to droughts within the theoretical framework of an Action Theory of Adaptation to climate change. The key finding is that commercial farmers in uGu district Municipality perceived drought coping strategies a difficult task if not impossible to manage without government’s intervention. The majority of the participants admitted that drought has defeated their willingness to farm, and they were subjected to failure. The study recommends that the use of weather forecasting, vulnerability assessment, crops diversification, sustainable and efficient water management practice, cultivation of low water consuming crops, and systematic cropping pattern as some of the strategies which can mitigate the adverse effects of drought among commercial farmers.
- 1
- 7
- 0
- In this research project, I examined the role of Food Street vending in empowering black women in South Africa, using the case study of women street vendors in uMhlathuze Local Municipality in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Food street vending was a very popular phenomenon among black people in South Africa. Though popular, there was not yet enough academic research on how this phenomenon positively and/or negatively affected the empowerment of black women. In general, this type of vending entailed preparing and selling food and beverages on the streets and/or other public spaces with the aim of generating income. In this study, I deployed the decolonial feminist critique to examine both the generative environment behind the socio-economic status of black women in South Africa and how their involvement in a phenomenon such as food street vending affected their position within the patriarchal power structure. Thus, in this study, I examined the socio-economic background of black women involved in Food Street vending in uMhlathuze Local Municipality and how their involvement and participation in this activity had positively altered this background. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the nature of the transformation brought about by the intervention of Food Street vending in the lives of black women, I deployed a mixed-method approach to generate both qualitative and quantitative data on the phenomenon. The main finding of the study was that the phenomenon of food street vending yielded several positive results for black women involved in this activity in terms of their empowerment. This was a development that disrupted and caused a diachronic change in the power structure of patriarchy. For instance, several black women who participated in food street vending gained financial independence and ‘voices’ in their homes as a result of their involvement in this activity.
- 1
- 8
- 0
- This research study contributes to the existing body of literature by investigating The Making of the Cultural Traditions of KwaSokhulu Chiefdom in Modern South Africa from an Afrocentric Approach. The KwaSokhulu Chiefdom is situated in the northern part of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, along the east coast between St. Lucia and Richards Bay. The coastline, reserved for subsistence gatherers, stretches approximately two kilometres (Harris, 2000:1). The study was conducted in the Zululand area of KZN, encompassing Mandlazini (the Traditional Seat of the Chiefdom), Emhlangeni, eNtambanana, eMtubatuba, KwaMbonambi, and Enseleni. The research is anchored in the Afrocentric paradigm, focusing on African identity from the viewpoint of African people as centred, located, oriented, and grounded. Molefe Asante's (1987) concept of "Afrocentricity" informed the theoretical framework, emphasizing the need for African people to be historically, economically, socially, politically, and philosophically recentred. A qualitative research design was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the cultural traditions of the KwaSokhulu Chiefdom. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews with 20 purposively selected participants, comprising traditional leaders, elders, and community members. Focus group discussions and participant observations were also conducted to gather diverse perspectives and enrich the data. Document analysis of historical texts and traditional records supplemented the primary data. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data, allowing for the identification of key patterns and themes related to cultural traditions, roles, and the impact of modernity. Findings reveal that the Chiefdom is traditionally viewed as a complex institution shaped by norms, traditions, achieved and ascribed statuses, roles, and expectations. These elements are embedded in belief systems regulated by principles and symbolized through material and abstract artefacts. The Chiefdom also functions as an intermediary between traditional governance systems and modern governmental structures. Furthermore, the study highlights how apartheid-era policies influenced the socio-cultural dynamics of KwaSokhulu, leading to both disruptions and adaptations in traditional practices. The research concludes that while the KwaSokhulu Chiefdom retains strong cultural traditions, it faces challenges in adapting to modern governance frameworks. modern municipal systems, promoting cultural education to preserve indigenous knowledge, and encouraging community Recommendations include fostering greater integration between traditional leadership and participation in governance to enhance social cohesion. These strategies are essential for safeguarding cultural heritage while facilitating progressive development within the Chiefdom.
- 1
- 7
- 0
- The fact that water is necessary for life is undeniable. One of the most difficult challenges for many local governments is providing basic services to all South Africans. The global community has made positive advances in many fields, but the basic needs of man, such as clean water, remain a mirage. For healthy survival, growth, and development, safe drinking water and good hygiene are essential. Various factors affect the equal and equitable access of households to improved water. The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) is responsible for ensuring that all South African citizens have access to basic water supply and that water and sanitation services are delivered rapidly. The Department of Water and Sanitation is responsible for managing water supply schemes for major rural areas and villages with the assistance of district municipalities. The DWS as the National Regulator is responsible for the governance of water resources of the country and ensuring accountability amongst other key players such as water service authorities (WSAs) and water service providers (WSPs). The study examined community respondents’ perceptions about the nature of water supply services they receive and water resources available in the area. In conducting the study, a descriptive design was used. One sub-location was randomly selected from each of the two wards with a sample of 274 respondents composed of 193 females and 81 males. Data was collected using questionnaires. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and presented using charts and frequency tables. Hypothesis was tested based on the significance level. This was against an alternative hypothesis which assumed that there is a significant relationship between the economic scale and distribution of water services in the uMlalazi Local Municipality. The findings showed that the chi-square values for the variables were; size of economy (chi-square = 30.445a, df = 2, p-value = 0.00 and n= 274); access to pipe water within dwelling (chi-square = 109.540a, df = 2, p-value = 0.00 and n = 274); dependence on surface water (chi-square = 212.723a, df = 1, p-value = 0.00 and n = 274), water quality (chi-square = 115.635b, df = 2, p-value = 0.00 and n = 274), decreased water supply (chi-square = 12.314a, df=2, p-value = .002 and n = 274) and commitment to eradicate backlogs (chi-square = 30.445a, df= 2, p-value = 0.00 and n = 274). As a result, the study indicates that equitable water availability has an impact on health, human development, and economic growth. The findings indicated that a lack of water might constitute a severe threat to public health and community development, since widespread consumption of dirty surface water could expose the population to disease (bacteria) infections transmitted through water. Findings also discovered that household’s access to improved water supply was largely determined by their income, and home location, on the other hand, were important variables in gaining access to better water for other domestic purposes whilst access to water is better for other household uses. The effect is anticipated to increase among low-income rural households, expand the rural-urban development divide, and intensify public dissent and conflict among rural water end-users. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that water plays an important role in rural socioeconomic development. As a result, water resource management that is sustainable may be able to solve challenges like equitable improved water access. The study findings further showed that the community at large were dissatisfied with water provision. Government direct involvement in participation, cooperation, coordination and developing a culture of empowerment should bring better water services for the local community of uMlalazi. The study recommends that one of the main pipelines from the plant to uMlalazi should be installed and awareness campaign for effective and efficient use of water should be launched. This might help ease and improve the present precarious situation.
- 1
- 8
- 0
- This dissertation seeks to take up the challenge of contributing to such an understanding of chieftainship by looking at the chieftainship succession disputes in the Celeclan of Phungashe and AmaNgwane clan of Bergville in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The incorporation of indigenous political structures within the wider South African state has a long history, starting from the movements of people from one area to the other, the formation of smaller chiefdoms and bigger chiefdoms and to the rise of the Zulu kingdom. The entire process of Zulu state formation has been through a series of succession disputes which exist among many clans even nowadays. Also, the role of successions runs from the arrangements of indirect rule at the latter part of the nineteen-century to the pivotal role played by traditional leaders in the homeland administration and after 1994, the recognition of the institution, status and role of traditional leadership in the country's first democratic constitution and the enactment of the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act. No. 41 of 2003 which makes provision for the establishment of the Chieftainship Dispute Resolution Commission.
- 1
- 6
- 0
- This study investigated the use of performance management in the provision of services and amenities at the Ray Nkonyeni Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal. There are a number of studies conducted in the field of performance management in the public sector that has revealed that there are still challenges towards the use of performance management in driving improved service delivery. The study employs New Public Management as an approach that guided the study in investigating the use of performance management in the vision of services and amenities. The study employs both the qualitative and quantitative (mixed) research methods for data collection and analysis. Further, it adopted post-positivism as a paradigm of the study. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis and quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The findings of the study illustrated that Ray Nkonyeni Municipality has fully implemented performance management in the entire municipal levels. However, the study discovered that the RNM set next financial year 2021/22 as the timeframe for implementing performance management system. The study concluded that Ray Nkonyeni Municipality must expedite the process of implementing performance management in all municipal levels, employ multiple evaluating tools, improve public participation on performance management evaluation, have a clear policy on nominating or electing persons to performance management review committee and frequently train Councillors to enable them to provide effective oversight on performance management and other municipal matters.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- The aim of this study was to examine partnerships between the local municipality, host communities and the selected multinational companies in community development activities. Numerous studies have been conducted in pursuit of the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in developing countries. Whilst it has been understood that MNCs are essential for the development of less economically developed countries (LEDCs), other studies have discovered that LEDCs face the challenge of limited benefits from MNCs which does not necessarily address the root causes of underdevelopment. As a result, exploring factors that inform corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the selected MNCs in the City of uMhlathuze was the point of departure in this study. In this regard, the study sort to find out if there were any partnerships between MNCs and the local Municipality during the execution of CSR activities, and whether were there laws or documentations that guide and support partnerships amongst the MNCs, host communities and the local municipality. The study followed a qualitative research approach and thereby used qualitative data collection tools to help achieve its objectives. It was found that the type of partnerships that exist between MNCs and the municipality are erratic and not formal. This is entirely caused by the absence of governmental binding laws and documentations between MNCs and municipalities in the city of uMhlathuze, South Africa, and LEDCs in general. Given that the local municipality is the custodian of the communities, particularly in the area of community development, the study concluded that community development partnerships between MNCs and the local municipality are essential. The completion of this study has helped realise that partnership is essential and that they can help achieve community development goals and address the root causes of poor livelihoods for the city of uMhlathuze and communities in the developing countries, if they could be properly managed.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- South Africa has 23 institutions of higher learning. Due to the apartheid regime five of these institutions were built specifically to service Black people in the then Bantu homelands. The University of Zululand is one of the five. The University of Zululand has a long history of political violence dating back in the 1970s. This University is situated in the rural area of Zululand, the most politically conscious area of KwaZulu Natal. As a psychology student in this University the author was interested in understanding the dynamics of political violence and trauma on students at the University of Zululand. Institutions of higher learning are feeder sources of private companies, government departments and civil society. The researcher is interested in understanding the effect of learning or enduring political violence as a student, if it can affect one's leadership in higher positions later in life. Phenomenological explication was conducted to establish the internal attitudes and experiences of students who experienced political violence at some point during their time at the University of Zululand. The aim was to understand the reality as experienced by these students. To get rich data, 7 participants were sampled with purposive sampling method from the two main student political formations on campus, namely South African Democratic Students' Movement [SADESMO] and South African Students' Congress [SASCO]. Azanian Students Congress [AZASCO] comrades were unable to participation in this study. Structured interviews were conducted using a standardised questionnaire. Results are presented per participants, and later common emerging themes are identified.
- 1
- 8
- 0
- 1
- 8
- 0
- Lolu lucwaningo loluphatselene nekuvetwa kwesibekandzaba etindzabeni Ta - J.J Ncongwane. Luhleleke ngetehluko letisihlanu Sehluko sekucala: Setfulo selucwaningo Lesehluko siphatselene netinhloso nemkhawulo welucwaningo, tindlela telucwaningo, kuchazwa kwemagama nekutfutfuka kwetindzaba letimfisha tesiSwati. Sehluko sesibil: Indzawo Kulesehluko kwetfulwa indzawo yasemakhaya yasemadolobheni, lesuselwa enhloko,levetwe esihlokweni nalevetwe esingenisweni. Sehluko sesitsatfu: Sikhatsi Kulesehluko kwetfulwa tikhatsi temnyaka, tikhatsi telusuku nemalanga eliviki. Sehluko sesine: Simonhlalo Kulesehluko kuvetwa simonhlalo lesifana nenjabulo, lusizi,buchawe, bucili,kuvana, butsa,kubeketela nekucasuka. Sehluko sesihlanu: Siphetfo Lesehluko siphatselene nesiphetfo ngendzawo,ngesikhatsi, ngesimonhlalo kanye netincomo
- 1
- 8
- 0
- Lolu cwaningo luveza ingonyuluka ngelingafelwa nkonyane kwaMhlabuyalingana, umnotho kanye namasiko ale ndawo. Kubuye kubhekwe nemfuyo nokudla okuchuma kule ndawo. Isahluko sokuqala sethula ucwaningo jikelele nezinhloso zalo. Kulesi sahluko kwethulwa nentshisekelo ekhuthaze ukwenziwa kwalolu cwaningo. Lesi sahluko sethula nezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi kuqhutshwa lolu cwaningo kanye nemidiyo yocwaningo jikelele. Kubuye kwabukwa nalabo abazohlomula ngokwenziwa kwalolu cwaningo. Lesi sahluko sibe sesethula nohlaka lwezahluko zocwaningo kanye nesiphetho sesahluko sokuqala. Isahluko sesibili sendlala kabanzi ngamagugu atholakala kule ndawo, okuyizintaba, amahlathi kanye nemifula okuyizinto ezigqamisa ubuhle bale ndawo. Izinhlobo zotshani obumila kule ndawo ezilima indawo ebanzi ekuphiliseni abantu bakule ndawo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wezandla. Lesi sahluko sibuye sinabe kabanzi nangezinhlobo zezitshalo ezilinywa endaweni yaseMakhathini ezinjengokotini, ummbila, ubhontshisi, umoba kanye neminye imifino. Izitshalo ezithela ngaphansi komhlabathi njengamazambane, amantongomane, amadumbe kanye nezaqathe nokunye okumila ngaphansi komhlabathi nakho kwethuliwe. Isahluko sesithathu kuchazwa kabanzi ngezithelo eziyizinhlobonhlobo zasendle ezitholakala kule ndawo. Zitholakala nini? Kuphi? Kubhekwe nomsebenzi wazo. Sibheka nokuthi zenza msebenzi muni? Zibasiza kanjani abantu abaphila kule ndawo? Yikuphi okuzuzwa ngabantu bendawo ngalezi zithelo? Isahluko sesine kubhekwe imfuyo echuma kule ndawo nokubaluleka kwayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, indlela yokuyikhulisa nokuyinakekela ukuze yande. Kubuye kubhekwe nokuthi inakekelwa kanjani ngezikhathi zezifo ikakhulukazi ebusika. Kubhekwe nomsebenzi wayo, kubhekwe nokuqeqeshwa kwabalimi abafuyayo. Isahluko sesihlanu kwenziwe isihlaziyo, izincomo kanye nesiphetho sawo wonke umsebenzi. Lapha kuphethwa wonke umsebenzi owenziwe. Kubuye kuvezwe nezincomo okumelwe zenziwe
- 1
- 7
- 0
Select desired time period