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- 2022| ElsevierA study was undertaken to quantify screw press-extractable oil in the seed coat of Strychnos madagascariensis (Poir.) fruits harvested from trees in the northern coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa and to determine the physiochemical properties and fatty acid composition of the oil. The seed coat constituted 19.36% of the dry fruit biomass and contained w/w 42% oil. Thus, the oil yield of the dried fruit was approx. 8.13%. Monounsaturated oleic acid accounted for between ca.70–73% of the total fatty acids in the Strychnos oil. Palmitic acid was present in amounts ranging between 15.05 and 16.27%. Also present, but in smaller amounts were cis linoleic acid (5.76–6.03%), stearic acid (1.64–4.65%), n3 linolenic acid (1.26–1.90%), and palmitoleic acid (1.10–1.65%). The oil contained trace amounts of arachidic acid (0.45–0.54%) and eicosenoic acid (approx.0.325%). Vitamin E was present in appreciable amounts, mostly in the form of α-tocopherol (approx. 5.8–14.4 mg/100 g oil) and β-tocotrienol (approx. 8.1–15.6 mg/100 g oil) homologues. The downside was that the oil had high acid values (161–181.32 mg KOH/g) and free fatty acid content (66–81 g oleic acid/100 g oil). There were 141 volatile compounds detected in the Strychnos oil, the most dominant of which were butyl-butyrate (20%), butyl hexanoate (8.2%) and glycerol (6.1–6.7%). Overall, the results indicate that Strychnos madagascariensis has potential as a source of vegetable oil.
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