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- In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where healthcare resources may be limited, the elderly are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aging population in these regions presents unique challenges, highlighting the urgent need for effective, accessible, and culturally appropriate interventions to address this cardiovascular health challenge in older adults. We aimed to evaluate the impact of traditional dance and games on cardiovascular health outcomes in LMICs through a scoping review of existing literature. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCO, SPORT Discuss, Web of Science, and the grey literature were searched from 2000 to 20 September 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts and conducted data extraction. All conflicts were resolved with a third reviewer. A total of 3465 records were identified, of which 12 full-text articles were included in the review. The studies, five randomised clinical trials and seven non-randomised clinical trials, included varied age groups and populations including healthy, sedentary and obese participants. The interventions were traditional dance and games interventions with some extension to nutrition education. All the interventions were short term, with less than 6 months follow-up. Any traditional dance styles and games that involve physical performance can induce positive health outcomes. Undertaking traditional dance and games (TDGs) is equally effective on cardiovascular, functional and metabolic adaptations, leading to comparable improvements in older adults as for other forms of structured exercise. Collaboration of health practitioners, legislators, non-governmental agencies and local communities in LMICs in using TDGs may reduce the burden of CVDs.
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- Background: The effects of progressive body fluid loss on athletic and cognitive performance are known to result from exposure to environmental heat stress, morphologic factors, and limited fluid replenishment. Athletes need to restore lost body water. However, athletes may fail to maintain euhydration during exercise. This systematic review investigated hypohydration and fluid balance effects on an athlete’s cognitive function. Methods: The PubMed, Sports Discuss, and Ebsco databases were searched for studies reporting on hypohydration, fluid balance and heat on cognitive performance in sport. Multiple phrases including hydration, dehydration, fluid balance, mood, cognition, vigilance, decision making, and brain were explored. Participants in the studies did either receive fluid or did not receive fluid during exercise. Results: Twenty-four trials (n=493 participants) from 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant hypohydration, >2% body mass loss was reported consistently in 16 publications. Five articles where hypohydration was associated with heat stress and limited fluid intake (3-5% body mass loss) impaired cognitive performance. Mood disturbance, fatigue, and ratings of perceived exertion constantly complemented hypohydration impairment on cognition. Conclusion: Findings show that hypohydration impairs cognitive performance and mood at higher levels of 3-5% body mass loss. However, sport-specific cognitive protocols of accessing hypohydration and fluid balance in individual and team sports remain equivocal.
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- Background: Evidence regarding heat stress, dehydration, hypohydration and fluid balance effects on semi-professional athletes’ cognitive function is still limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise heat-stress, hyperthermia, dehydration and fatigue on cognitive performances in semiprofessional athletes. Methods: Eighteen healthy male athletes from individual and team sports participated. Participants completed a cognitive and mood test battery prior, immediately after and post 120 min of treadmill exercise. A soccer-specific intermittent treadmill exercise protocol was completed in four experimental trials in temperate (normothermic) and hot (hyperthermic) conditions. Participants were hydrated and dehydrated in both conditions. Trial conditions were; normothermic 16.4 ± 0.02°C and 52 ± 1% RH, while hyperthermic 33.9 ± 0.3°C and 61 ± 1% RH. Results: Response times; the Stroop effect and Visual search tasks were quicker (584 to 690 ms, p= 0.001; 1978 to 2213 ms, p= 0.003) in the heat. Cognitive tasks showed that reaction time, visual process, motor speed and mood were similar in normothermic (p=0.001). Accuracy improved in hydrated hyperthermic by 1.2% (p=0.002) in Visual search. Total Mood Disturbance was significant in heat (p<0.001). Hydration status had no major effect in some cognition performance markers except for mood. Conclusion: The response times and accuracy improved following the cognitive testing in semi-professional athletes exercising in relatively humid, hot conditions. However, semi-professional athletes’ cognitive performances were relatively affected by hypohydration and their hydration status needs to be closely monitored during exercise
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