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- Introduction: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are important players in the development of diabetes complications, making their inhibition a key therapeutic target. This study examined the inhibitory effects of extracts from four antidiabetic medicinal plants, Murraya koenigii (curry leaf), Psidium guajava (guava leaf), Sclerocarya birrea (cider tree stembark), and Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon stembark), on the formation of AGEs. Plants were chosen for their hypoglycemic attributes. Methods: Extracts were incubated at 37 °C for 20 days using bovine serum albumin (BSA) with fructose/glucose models. The generation of AGEs was evaluated using spectrofluorometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts was also performed. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed quinones, phenols, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins in the extracts. The findings indicated substantial suppression of fluorescence AGEs (FAGEs), total immunogenic AGEs (TIAGEs), and specific AGEs, including Nε -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε - (carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), by the plant extracts. The inhibitory effects of the plant extracts exceeded the efficacy of aminoguanidine, a recognized inhibitor of AGEs (P<0.05). Polar extracts demonstrated enhanced inhibitory effects, indicating that phenolic and flavonoid components may be pivotal in anti-glycation. Conclusion: This work emphasizes the prospect of these medicinal herbs as natural sources of AGEs inhibitors, offering therapeutic possibilities for the management and prevention of diabetes problems. Further research is advised to discover, isolate, and describe specific bioactive chemicals responsible for these effects to aid in the development of innovative medicinal treatments.
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- The exploring of biostimulant sources is important for sustainable agriculture. Although all parts of the moringa plant (Moringa oleifera Lam.) are rich in phytohormones and phytochemicals which may be utilised as a potential plant growth enhancer, most attention has been placed on its leaves as a possible biostimulant for enhancing productivity of plants. Little has been reported on moringa seed extract (MSE) as a growth enhancer on medicinal plants. Thus, this study investigated the efficacy of MSE doses (water spray as control, MSE at 2, 4, 6 and 8%) on growth attributes, mineral content and phytochemical compositions of cancer bush plants (Lessertia frutescens L.) grown during the winter–spring and spring–summer seasons of 2021. A gradual increase in growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, phenols and flavonoid contents was recorded in all concentrations of MSE-treated plants compared with controls. Furthermore, all levels of MSE effectively enhanced the concentrations of macronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium as well as micronutrients comprising copper, zinc, iron, manganese and sodium of cancer bush plants relative to untreated plants. Both 6 and 8% MSE concentrations showed high productivity, minerals and phytochemical constituents in cancer bush plants in comparison with 2 and 4% MSE treatments. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that, even at low concentrations, MSE can be successfully applied as a biostimulant to improve the growth and biochemical attributes of cancer bush plants.
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