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- The year 2020 witnessed an unprecedented and rapid change in education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It has forced almost all learning institutions to make an abrupt transformation to a remote learning pedagogy due to health precautions to control the spread of COVID-19 and save the academic year. Despite the evidence that remote learning makes work easier, this new content delivery method caught most universities off guard, especially those referred to as Historically Black Universities in South Africa. An in-depth literature review of the existing body of knowledge was applied to investigate HBUs and their ability to navigate the transition from face-to-face learning to remote teaching and learning. Results indicate that lecturers and students in HBUs encountered several challenges in adapting to remote teaching & learning due to constrained resources and severe lack of access to data and skills in using teaching and learning technologies. Therefore, it is recommended that academic staff undergo technology-related professional development to ensure successful integration and improved pedagogical practices. Additionally, improvements in ICT infrastructure among HBUs post-COVID-19 remain critical and should be considered in the transition to online teaching and learning.
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- The focus of this paper is to describe the establishment and origins of the Emmaus pilgrimage heritage site and also the role played by Abbot Francis Pfanner in its establishment. Furthermore, the paper discusses the tourism perspective of religious pilgrimage sites. The Emmaus heritage site draws visitors from all over the world, and such visitation is linked to religious travel. A key objective was to unpack an understanding of religious tourism as a driver behind the observance and respect for the Emmaus pilgrimage site. A description of the religious tourism perspective is offered as well as the benefits of religious pilgrimages to the destination. The paper is conceptual, and emphasis is on the sanctity of the site while also offering some perspective of religious tourism as a strategy to sustain and market the heritage site to attract a greater volume of global pilgrims. A qualitative research method has been used to get answers, and a descriptive analysis has been done to show the sanctity of the Emmaus heritage site. The paper demonstrates that a 'niche' product of religious tourism is indeed a big drawcard for the industry. There is a 'sanctity' element of the Emmaus pilgrimage site as well as a presentation of the key role played by Abbot Francis Pfanner. Reflection of religious tourism and reasons for motivation and promotion of domestic and international pilgrims to visit pilgrimage sites are also briefly considered. In concluding, the paper draws attention to understanding the Roman Catholic religious traditions, such as the pilgrimage.
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- The Covid-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on religious destinations ever since its outbreak was reported from Wuhan, China in 2019. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the negative impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on tourism and religious destinations. Empirical evidence elucidates that the Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on tourism and religious destinations and it disrupted Christianity for some believers. Religious tourism concentrates on visiting significant religious sites. The main motivation for this travel is to meet the spiritual, and religious needs of people. However, another motivation for travel may be to simply explore the culture of other nations and their religions and sacred objects. In Christianity, social beliefs and values of individuals, and pilgrims were threatened, and their faith was sorely tested during the pandemic. The focus will be on Catholic religious destinations in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. This is notwithstanding that some religious destinations have not fully recovered even though they are now operating. A qualitative approach was employed, and indirect unstructured interviews were conducted. Systematic sampling was randomly done at the pilgrimage destination sites visited. The paper reflects on the sufferings endured by pilgrims who annually visit the religious destinations and the impact the pandemic has had on these sites. Significance of these religious destinations are also reflected on, the rituals such as that of the Catholic Church venerating the Virgin Mother Mary every month of October was sadly halted. Religion and social value theory is thus reflected upon in this discussion. The findings adopt a descriptive analysis of how Covid-19 impacted on the religious destinations within the study areas. Lastly, strategies for tourism and religious pilgrimage destinations post Covid-19 pandemic to survive are suggested and briefly discussed.
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- Recreation, leisure and tourism is an essential part of human life and different forms of recreation are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. Participating in recreation, leisure and tourism is a healthy alternative for positive behavior, which leads to opportunities for learning and living a balanced, productive life. The purpose of this reflection piece is to discuss the contributions of documented theory on how recreation and leisure can be used to promote social inclusion. From the perspective of different scholars, recreation is expressions of excess energy, channeling it into socially acceptable activities that fulfill individual as well as societal needs; recreation also provides satisfaction and pleasure for the participant without compulsion. Empirical examined theory will be advocated and theoretical development of recreation, leisure, and tourism will be reflected on. In this paper essential ways of dealing with social challenges through recreational activities will be discussed. Descriptive analyses of documented theory will be done, also indicating some of the recreational activities and the effective way of dealing with social-inclusions will be discussed.
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- Indigenous knowledge is not obsolete or something for the past but is relevant today as ever before. Ngome began as a shrine after alleged Marian apparitions. These apparitions were to the servant of God, Sr. Reinolda Franziska May OSB (Order of Saint Benedict). The alleged apparitions gave rise to the place becoming the most-visited holy place in the Diocese of Eshowe-Zululand, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Healing, both spiritual and physical has allegedly been found to occur at Ngome Marian Shrine. This paper reveals the spiritualism, and healing which may be found by visiting the shrine, and the secrecy of indigenous knowledge is highlighted in this pilgrimage tourism. Through engaging in pilgrimage tourism, versions of pastoral healing methods are profiled. The study adopted a qualitative method and a literature analysis was the focus of this paper. Reflections on the pastoral healing process of visiting the shrine is the essential discussion. Narrative description and perceptions of visiting the shrine are briefly discussed. The pilgrims’ testimonies of visiting Ngome Shrine are described to reflect how indigenous knowledge and pastoral-theological practices of Christianity can contribute to healing. The findings narrate perceptions and attitudes that transform many factors that confront societies globally to a lesser or greater extent.
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