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- Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (Moraceae) stem bark has been used locally in managing diabetes mellitus with sparse scientific information. This study investigates the in vitro antioxidant potential of polyphenolic-rich extract of A heterophyllus stem bark as well as its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were used with the induction of diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) and were orally administered 400 mg/kg free and bound phenols of A heterophyllus stem bark. The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day of the experiment using the cervical dislocation method; antihyperglycemia and anti-inflammatory parameters were subsequently assessed. The polyphenolic extracts demonstrated antioxidant potentials (such as hydrogen peroxide and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), as well as strong inhibitory activity against amylase and glucosidase. There was a significant (P < .05) increase in glycogen, insulin concentration, pancreatic β-cell scores (HOMA-β), antioxidant enzymes and hexokinase activities, as well as glucose transporter concentration in diabetic animals administered the extracts and metformin. Also, a significant (P < .05) reduction in fasting blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, glucose-6-phosphatase, and all anti-inflammatory parameters were observed in diabetic rats administered the extracts and metformin. The extracts demonstrated antidiabetic potential, which may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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- Background: Gongronema latifolium (G. latifolium) Benth. leaves are traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) and other diseases in Nigeria and West Africa. This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaf against DM. Antidiabetic activity of G. latifolium extracts (6.36, 12.72 and 25.44 mg kg−1, i.p.) was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose level and oxidative stress markers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. Cognitive biomarkers acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), dopamine (DOPA), serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were measured in the brain of controls and of G. latifolium-treated diabetic rats. Results: Administration of G. latifolium leaf extract to diabetic rats significantly restored the alterations in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). The MDA and NO levels were significantly reduced with an improvement in CAT, SOD, and GPx activity in the kidneys and brains of diabetic rats treated with G. latifolium. Gongronema latifolium also significantly decreased the levels of AChE, BChE, DOPA, serotonin, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine in diabetic rats. G. latifolium effectively ameliorated COX-2 in diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study showed that leaf extract of G. latifolium improved antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. It displays a neuroprotective effect resulting in the modulation of brain neurotransmitters, which could be considered as a promising treatment therapy.
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- In this study, the effect of free and bound polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini (Linn) Skeels leaf on antioxidant as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were determined using in vitro model. Polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini (Linn) Skeels leaf was prepared accordingly and the capability of the extract to inhibit antioxidants as typified by ferric reducing power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) among other free radicals scavenging abilities were quantified spectrophotometrically, added to this, the activities of α-amylase and αglucosidase were also assessed. The bound phenolic extract exhibited more in vitro antioxidant properties as represented by their high radicals scavenging ability in all the free radicals evaluated. Also, the polyphenolic-rich extracts inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with bound phenolics showing significant (p<0.05) increase in a dose-dependent manner than free phenolics. Therefore, this study suggests the use of Syzygium cumini leaf as a nutraceutical in the management/ control of type II diabetes mellitus patients.
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- Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) pathogenesis is complex, and the management options for DCM are limited. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gongronema latifolium leaf extract on DCM in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes by an intraperitoneal injection of (150 mg/kg). Three diabetic groups were administered aqueous leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium at 6.36, 12.72, and 25.44 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) respectively; a group was administered with metformin (5 mg/kg BW), while the other two served as positive and negative control. Thereafter, fasting blood glucose, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde level, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac Troponin I, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α were determined by standard methods. Aqueous extract of Gongronema latifolium leaf significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the alloxan-induced increases in blood glucose, malondialdehyde, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac Troponin I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α and increased the alloxan-induced decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione transferase activities. All these changes were compared with those of metformin-treated diabetic rats. The data from this study suggest that aqueous extract of Gongronema latifolium ameliorated DCM by inhibiting redox imbalance and inflammation in diabetic rats.
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