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- We investigate a bounce realization in the framework of higher order curvature in f (R, T ) modified theory of gravity. We perform a detailed analysis of the cosmological parameters to explain the contraction phase, the bounce phase, and the expansion phase. Furthermore, we observe a violation of the null energy condition, instability of the model, and a singularity upon deceleration at the bouncing point, which are the supporting results for a bouncing cosmology. The equation of state parameter exhibits a ghost condensate behavior of the model near the bouncing point. Additionally, we discuss the stability of the model using linear perturbations in the Hubble parameter as well as the energy density.
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- The Gödel universe is studied in 𝑓(𝑅, 𝑇 ) gravity. In this paper, we focus on the first class of the functional form 𝑓(𝑅, 𝑇 ) = 𝑅 + 2ℎ(𝑇 ), where 𝑅 is the Ricci scalar and ℎ(𝑇 ) is an arbitrary function of the trace 𝑇 of the energy–momentum tensor. We consider the trace dependence function ℎ(𝑇 ) as ℎ(𝑇 ) = 𝜆𝑇 2 , ℎ(𝑇 ) = 𝜆 ln(𝑇 ) and ℎ(𝑇 ) = 𝜆𝑒𝑇 for our investigations. We also demonstrate the existence of the Gödel solution for the three different trace dependent functions ℎ(𝑇 ). The relationship between the cosmological constant and the energy–momentum tensor of the matter content of the universe is obtained. Furthermore, this paper seeks to comprehend the smallness of the cosmological constant in 𝑓(𝑅, 𝑇 ) = 𝑅+ 2ℎ(𝑇 ) gravity for the three different trace dependent functions, h(T).
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