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- 2025| Bentham Science Publ...The benefits of physical activity (PA) are well established. However, the majority of children worldwide fail to meet the recommended weekly requirements for PA, which are essential for enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and maintaining a healthy weight for their age. The present review evaluated published work in an effort to study the effects of body composition on aerobic fitness levels and hemodynamic factors in children. Studies were retrieved from the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed (2013-June 2024), Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, EBM Reviews, Current Contents, CISTI Source (2011-June 2024), Sports Discuss (2019-June 2024), and international e-catalogues. Search analysis from these periods represents recent developments, ensuring that the review reflects up-to-date understanding in the field. This helps incorporate the latest methodologies, findings, and technological advancements, and strengthens the validity of this review. The population consists of children from both industrialized and developing nations. The selected study designs were cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, review, and systematic review. The analysis of research entailed reading titles, abstracts, and complete texts. Following these processes, thirty articles were considered for review. The broad investigation aims to reveal the effects of body composition on aerobic fitness levels and hemodynamic parameters in preventing childhood obesity. The search strategy, as well as Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) phrases and keywords, were used to effectively route significant papers addressing childhood obesity. The relevant terms were “body composition,” “overweight,” “obesity,” “physical activity,” “heart rate,” “blood pressure,” “aerobic fitness”, “nutrition,” “cardiovascular disease,” and “children aged 10-18 years old.”We discovered 12972 publications related to childhood obesity, hemodynamic variables, physical activity (PA), and aerobic fitness; however, 9194 articles were deleted due to duplication. The number of studies left after removing duplicates was 3778. Furthermore, 1657 articles were removed because they were not in English, 1240 articles had no full text available, and 809 articles only included abstracts. Moreover, the full text was reviewed for eligibility, which included 42 reference reviews and 18 titles. Finally, 30 articles were deemed eligible for review.The existing literature suggests that additional investigation is warranted to delineate a precise course of action for mitigating the risks associated with childhood obesity. This entails placing a heightened emphasis on the significance of children engaging in aerobic fitness activities.
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- 2022| Taylor & FrancisClinical relevance All-out exercise may not impair all central nervous system processes, such as those related to visual-motor abilities, and may actually prove stimulatory to such tasks allowing athletes and sports conditioning specialists to develop strategies to take advantage of/mitigate the effects of such exercise on athletic performance. Background Despite research indicating that visual-motor abilities play a critical role in athletic performance, research has primarily focused on the effect of all-out exercise on processes along the motor pathway, such as resultant force production or simple cognitive tasks. Such research has neglected to investigate the effect of all-out exercise on visual tasks. When investigations on visual tasks are forthcoming, they focus on prolonged aerobic exercise, which is not the primary metabolic pathway for all, or even the majority of sports. Methods Sixty untrained males (experimental group; N = 30, control group; N = 30) completed a standardised six-item baseline sports vision test battery and one week later, the experimental participants returned to undertake a 30-second Wingate anaerobic test (30-WAnT) immediately followed by the same test battery. Results Significant (P < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness and hand-eye coordination (P < 0.001 for all), but not visual memory (P = 0.242) following the 30-WAnT. Conclusions Although the mechanisms underlying these improvements in visual task performance have not yet been studied, this study suggests that simple anaerobic all-out exercise does not cause central- or brain-based fatigue impairing the oculomotor system but may rather provide “excitability” of the underlying motor cortex, motoneurons and/or corticofugal connections utilised in visual task response. It appears that the sweeping improvements in visual task performance elucidate the need for an intense anaerobic warm-up when training visual skills and when visual skills form an integral part of athletic performance.
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