Loading...
Journal Article
Tropical cyclones in the Northern Mozambique Channel: composite intra‑seasonal forcing and 2019 event
Author(s): Matyas, Corene J.; Jury, Mark
Attachments [1]
Issue Date: 2022
Language: English
More Detail
Abstract: Tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the northern Mozambique Channel (nMC) during the satellite era is studied, culminating with the anomalous 2019 season. We identify 21 westward-moving TCs since 1979 and analyze regional to local conditions as they move over the nMC. As easterly flow is needed to steer these TC into the channel and over land, we look for scenarios under which this flow is established along with thermodynamic conditions necessary to support TCs. At seasonal scales there is a dichotomy between westward steering flow and reduced thermodynamic energy during Pacific La Niña and cool-phase Indian Ocean Dipole (–IOD). Equatorial convective systems (Madden Julian Oscillation, MJO) entering the west Indian Ocean can trigger TC formation and subtropical ridging, more effectively at the end of austral summer. Conditions in early 2019 favoured westward flow over Madagascar. The onset of warm phase + IOD was evident in the Walker circulation and downwelling ocean Rossby wave that warmed SST to 31 °C north of Madagascar. High-amplitude MJO triggered the genesis of TCs Idai (March) and Kenneth (April) and both TCs transited the Mozambique Channel causing unprecedented floods. TC Kenneth intensified rapidly, and satellite rainfall and upper level ozone indicated the presence of a southern spiral cloud band that shielded the TC from the sub-tropical jet over Madagascar. Numerical model forecasts of track and intensity are evaluated.
Citation: Jury, M.R. and Matyas, C.J. 2022. Tropical cyclones in the Northern Mozambique Channel: composite intra-seasonal forcing and 2019 event. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 134(70), pp.1-14.
Other: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-022-00911-8
Journal Title: Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics
Journal Issue / Part Number: 134 / 70
Peer reviewed: Yes
International Conference: issn
Keynote / Plenary: issn
In Proceedings: issn
ISSN: 1436-5065 (online)
Other: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-022-00911-8
Publisher: Springer Nature
Related items (Items from the same collection.)
Now showing 1 - 20 of 657
- In a quest for greater coherence between parochial identities, culture and Christianity, there exists an African consciousness which seeks to indigenise and decolonise Christianity. Africans are profoundly religious people who view their faith as part of their way of life, as strengthening their cultures and providing a moral compass for daily living. In efforts to transform society, the Christian religion has played a significant role in the path to African development. Christianity in Africa dates to the very inception of the church. Africans consequently played a crucial role in establishing the doctrines and theology of the early church. While African Traditional religion (ATR) is paramount, it is the purpose of this article to suggest that the Christian faith has and continuous to play a significant role on the African continent in its development. While there are many indigenous African beliefs, these have been to a large extent supported by Christianity in a quest to systematize novel knowledge and promote peace and tolerance across the continent. Many Africans have sought facets of Christianity that are similar to their religious and personal practices and continue to do so. Thus, while there exist numerous similarities and also differences between Christianity and ATR, it is imperative to preserve old-style regional distinctiveness and Christianity as the unifying rudiments in nation building endeavours and in efforts to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ. Africans can and should come to comprehend the Triune Godhead as being consistent with their own spiritual consciousness and existential veracities. Indigenization of Christianity requires enculturation and essentially an understanding that it is indeed ecumenical and also embraces diversity and fundamentally requires viewing Holy Scriptures and the truths they propound as being applicable to any context and cultural milieu across the ages. Christians after all espouse a faith in the Ekklesia or body of Christ for all its people who are the Laos of God.
- 1
- 1
- 0
- We investigate the extended phase space thermodynamics of nonsingular-AdS black holes minimally coupled to clouds of strings in which we consider the cosmological constant () as the pressure (P) of the black holes and its conjugate variable thermodynamical volume (V) of the black holes. Owing to the background clouds of strings parameter (a), we analyse the Hawking temperature, entropy and specific heat on horizon radius for fixed-parameter k. We find that the strings clouds background does not alter small/large black hole (SBH/LBH) phase transition but occurs at a larger horizon radius, and two second-order phase transitions occur at a smaller horizon radius. Indeed, the G–T plots exhibit a swallowtail below the critical pressure, implying that the first-order phase transition is analogous to the liquid–gas phase transition at a lower temperature and lower critical pressure. To further examine the analogy between nonsingular-AdS black holes and a liquid–gas system, we derive the exact critical points and probe the effects of a cloud of strings on criticality to find that the isotherms undergo liquid–gas like phase transition for at lower . We have also calculated the critical exponents identical with Van der Walls fluid, i.e., same as those obtained before for arbitrary other AdS black holes, which implies that the background clouds of strings do not change the critical exponents.
- 1
- 2
- 0
- South Africa has been hailed as the most advanced democracy in Southern Africa. However, despite celebrating more than two decades of democracy, its society has been identified as unequal both politically and financially, and this gap between rich and poor seems to be widening. One indication of this persistent inequality is the limited access that rural people have to criminal justice. This marginalisation has compelled rural people to rely heavily on customary law whose application is vested in traditional leaders. Before the arrival of European colonialists, African people were governed by chiefs and leaders under age-old rules and customs derived from their version of ethical norms and values. This paper is an effort to quench our curiosity about these traditional laws and practices among traditional leaders and to determine to what extent they are successful in preventing crime in rural South Africa. The investigation was desktop-based and comprised of a literature search to highlight customary laws and the punishments meted out by traditional leaders. In essence, it was found that traditional courts are user friendly and affordable as they require neither lawyers nor the sophisticated measures and processes of modern Eurocentric courts.
- 1
- 2
- 0
- This paper analyzes the temporal, spatial, and structural linkages between the informal economic enterprises (IEEs) that have grown and spread in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and their formal economic counterparts, as well as the impact of the IEEs on the shaping and restructuring of the urban economy. To achieve this, the paper deployed a mixed-methods approach that utilized survey and phenomenological case studies on the formal and informal economic enterprises in Bulawayo. The results of this study highlight the linkages between the informal and formal economic enterprises and the impact of political and economic ideology on such linkages, illustrating the spatial layering and patterning of both formal economic enterprises and IEEs in Bulawayo. The main contribution of this paper is its exposition of the impact of political and economic policies of the Zimbabwean nation-state on urban economic enterprises.
- 1
- 10
- 0
- Combining the metaverse and the Internet of Things (IoT) will lead to the development of diverse, virtual, and more advanced networks in the future. The integration of IoT networks with the metaverse will enable more meaningful connections between the ’real’ and ’virtual’ worlds, allowing for real-time data analysis, access, and processing. However, these metaverse-IoT net works will face numerous security and privacy threats. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) offer an effective means of early detection for such attacks. Nevertheless, the metaverse generates sub stantial volumes of data due to its interactive nature and the multitude of user interactions within virtual environments, posing a computational challenge for building an intrusion detection sys tem. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an innovative intrusion detection system model based on deep learning. This model aims to detect most attacks targeting metaverse-IoT communications and combines two techniques: KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis which was used for attack feature extraction and CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks for attack recognition and classification. The efficiency of this proposed IDS model is assessed using two widely recognized benchmark datasets, BoT-IoT and ToN-IoT, which contain various IoT attacks potentially targeting IoT communications. Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed IDS model in identifying 12 classes of attacks relevant to metaverse-IoT, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 99.8% and a False Negative Rate FNR less than 0.2. Furthermore, when compared with other models in the literature, our IDS model demonstrates superior performance in attack detection accuracy.
- 1
- 5
- 0
- Tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the northern Mozambique Channel (nMC) during the satellite era is studied, culminating with the anomalous 2019 season. We identify 21 westward-moving TCs since 1979 and analyze regional to local conditions as they move over the nMC. As easterly flow is needed to steer these TC into the channel and over land, we look for scenarios under which this flow is established along with thermodynamic conditions necessary to support TCs. At seasonal scales there is a dichotomy between westward steering flow and reduced thermodynamic energy during Pacific La Niña and cool-phase Indian Ocean Dipole (–IOD). Equatorial convective systems (Madden Julian Oscillation, MJO) entering the west Indian Ocean can trigger TC formation and subtropical ridging, more effectively at the end of austral summer. Conditions in early 2019 favoured westward flow over Madagascar. The onset of warm phase + IOD was evident in the Walker circulation and downwelling ocean Rossby wave that warmed SST to 31 °C north of Madagascar. High-amplitude MJO triggered the genesis of TCs Idai (March) and Kenneth (April) and both TCs transited the Mozambique Channel causing unprecedented floods. TC Kenneth intensified rapidly, and satellite rainfall and upper level ozone indicated the presence of a southern spiral cloud band that shielded the TC from the sub-tropical jet over Madagascar. Numerical model forecasts of track and intensity are evaluated.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the global world, which started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 grounded social activities globally. The school system was severely affected and shut down. Schools all over the world adopted various digital technologies to continue teaching and learning. This study explored changes in teaching and learning, with the influence of ICT in the education system as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education system. Thus, providing insight into the future of teachers’ usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) successfully in South Africa’s public rural schools. The study employed an interpretive qualitative design to collect data from 10 purposively selected rural school principals from the Ilembe District of KwazuluNatal province. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed to present and discuss findings for the study. It was established that teachers are prepared to continue using digital learning strategy, artificial intelligence, information management, social interaction, mobile technology, and other measures, which were introduced during COVID-19 for teaching and learning in post-pandemic. The study, therefore, suggests adequate and regular training on online classroom instructional delivery should be designed by the Department of Basic Education, to support teachers, while teachers should also be provided laptops and data bundles.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented surge in the demand for alcohol-based hand sanitisers (ABHS). The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organisation (WHO) recommend alcohol, i.e., isopropanol or ethanol, at a 60-95% concentration in ABHS for sufficient antiviral protection. Consumers need to be vigilant of substandard hand sanitisers being marketed to the public. The frequent exposure of microorganisms to alcohol concentrations below the recommended range for infection prevention may lead to resistant mutations, and above the range may be ineffective. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the stated alcohol content in hand sanitisers from their respective labels. We analysed 50 hand sanitiser samples available to our region in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using a Shimadzu GC-MS-QP2010 Ultra equipped with a Zebron ZB-wax capillary column. The hand sanitisers analysed had a range of 44–93% alcohol content. The data from our study also revealed that 32% (16) of hand sanitisers did not adhere to the stated alcohol indicated on their labels. 16% (8) contained >80% and 12% (6) contained <60%, while 6% (3) of the ABHS contained 1-propanol and ethyl acetate as contaminants, respectively. This study clearly emphasises manufacturers’ exploitation of the pandemic and the need for stricter guidelines and regulations for consistency amongst ABHS manufacturers. The public should also be more alert to the % alcohol stated (ideal range 60-80%) on the sanitizer bottle and note one needs to rub their hands together until it feels dry.
- 1
- 5
- 0
- Morphological variation and heritability studies of Lagenaria siceraria landraces from northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its nutritious tender shoots, fruits, and seeds are widely consumed in rural communities as leafy vegetables. However, studies on variation and heritability of its agronomic traits are lacking. This study aimed to characterize variability and heritability among L. siceraria genotypes with various fruit and seed morphology from different origins. Seedling, vegetative and reproductive traits were compared among landraces. Landraces varied significantly in their seedling, vegetative and reproductive traits. Significant positive correlations were mainly recorded among reproductive traits. The first five informative principal components had a total variability of 74.393%. Biplot and dendrogram grouped landraces mainly according to fruit and seed morphology and then their origin. In a biplot, Cluster-I grouped landraces with pear-shaped (KSP, RSP, RRP) and curvilinear-shaped (NqRC) fruits. Cluster-II mainly associated landraces with smooth and curvilinear-shaped fruits (KSC, NqSC, NSRC, NSC, MSC, and DSI) from different origins. Cluster-III associated landraces with rough-textured fruits from the same origin (NRB and NRC). High heritability estimate was recorded among fruit and seed traits. This was the first comprehensive variability and heritability study in the country and therefore it formed basis for available L. siceraria germplasm essential for future breeding programs.
- 1
- 4
- 0
- The majority of South Africa's population lives in the same economy as poverty, even though the country's first democratic elections in 1994 not only lit a candle of hope but also helped to abolish poverty. One of the main hurdles to reducing poverty is economic growth, while unemployment is one of the mutual friends with poverty. Therefore, in this study, unemployment and economic growth were included as explanatory variables, while poverty was used as the dependent variable. To understand how unemployment and economic growth affect poverty, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) models were used through the time series data from 2000Q1 to 2021Q4. Based on linear evidence, the findings of the study supported the idea that economic growth reduces poverty in the long-run, while unemployment inflates poverty in the long-run. The asymmetric evidence confirmed that although negative shocks of economic growth reduce the poverty rate, the positive shocks of the former reduce the poverty rate. On the other hand, poverty rates rise concurrently as a result of both positive and negative shocks of unemployment rates. Thus, it is advised that policymakers increase social investment to help urban and rural residents, particularly women and children, escape poverty.
- 1
- 4
- 0
- Background: The genus Pennisetum contains remarkable natural bioactive components, and its 140 species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, where they are frequently used for therapeutic purposes such as the treatment of dysentery, fever, diabetes, and abdominal pain by indigenous people. However, the available information for this genus has not been thoroughly researched in terms of their bioactive principles and extracts. Aim of the review: The current review provides a profound perception, enhanced understanding, and comprehensive information on the traditional uses, phytochemical com- pounds, and biological activities of the genus Pennisetum, as well as toxicological perspectives. Furthermore, the significance of ethnopharmacological uses, application, and the beneficial potential of Pennisetum species for the management of a variety of diseases were thoroughly discussed. Materials and methods: The significant data of Pennisetum species was obtained through a thorough review of scientific articles published in a variety of databases, including Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, PhD and MSc theses were used in compiling and evaluating data obtained. Results: The ethnopharmacological applications of Pennisetum genus plants in various countries were established through detailed analysis of the aforementioned databases and thesis. So far, only a few species’ chemical compositions and a total of 35 metabolites (excluding amino acids and fatty acid constituents) have been studied, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, anthocyanin phenols, terpenoids, and others. The crude extracts were found to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti- cytotoxic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the significance of ethnopharmacological applications, application, and the positive potential of Pennisetum species for the management of a variety of disorders was thoroughly examined.
- 1
- 10
- 0
- The effectiveness of the monetary policy in leading African economies categorized as inflation-targeting markets (SA and Ghana) and non-targeting markets (Nigeria, Kenya, and Egypt) in the post-Global financial crisis era is compared in this study. The sampling period stretched from 2007Q1 to 2020Q4. The study estimated the augmented Taylor rule for a small open economy using the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model necessitated by the mixed integration of variables. The results indicate that there is heterogeneity among the inflation-targeting economies because only the South African monetary system could be explained using the Augmented Taylor rule. Contrarily, Ghana’s results move with the motion that inflation targeting is not for the lower income countries. Secondly, the policy rates react to exchange rates directly in the short-run for all economies, except South Africa. This indication shows that most emerging markets in Africa show fear of float when it comes to exchange rates system which denotes a lack of a vibrant monetary policy system. Selected emerging market economies regarded as non-inflation targeting markets are fit to adopt inflation targeting but still require a sophisticated financial system. Again they (including Ghana) should move away from the fear of floating phenomena to avoid issues of conflict of interest.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is an essential enzyme for the replication process of its virus, and there for econsidered an important target for the development of drugs against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Our previous study shows that the catalytic mechanism of subtype B/C-SA HIV-1 PR follows a one-step concerted acyclic hydrolysis reaction process using a two-layered ONIOM B3LYP/6-31þþG(d,p) method. This present work is aimed at exploring the proposed mechanism of the prote-olysis catalyzed by HIV-1 PR and to ensure our proposed mechanism is not an artefact of a single the-oretical technique. Hence, we present umbrella sampling method that is suitable for calculating potential mean force (PMF) for non-covalent ligand/substrate-enzyme association/dissociation interac-tions which provide thermodynamic details for molecular recognition. The free activation energyresults were computed in terms of PMF analysis within the hybrid QM(DFTB)/MM approach. The theor-etical findings suggest that the proposed mechanism corresponds in principle with experimental data.Given our observations, we suggest that the QM/MM MD method can be used as a reliable computa-tional technique to rationalize lead compounds against specific targets such as the HIV-1 protease.
- 1
- 12
- 0
- Graphic Communication and Design (GCD) students often struggle to understand and convert multi-faceted objects from orthographic (2D) into isometric (3D). Research established a strong link between spatial visualisation and the field of Graphics Communication. Conventional teaching and learning practice using textbooks, physical models and pencil drawings is not sufficient for improving spatial visualisation skills. The current research focused on the effect of three-dimensional solid computer modelling software (3D-CAD) on the spatial visualisation skills of GCD students at a rural-based university. Students at this university are from disadvantaged and under-resourced schools and they arrive with little or no computer-based experience. The study principally depended on literature that suggested that spatial visualisation is developed throughout a person’s lifetime and that it can be improved by partaking in spatial activities. Underpinned by Piaget’s perception and imagery theory, the study investigated the impact of 3D-CAD on students’ spatial visualisation skills. The study was carried out at the University of Zululand (Unizulu), comprising 200 pre-service teachers taking a GCD module in 2016 and 2017. The study employed a pre-test and post-test design using the Purdue Spatial Visualisation Test: Rotation (PSVT:R) to evaluate students’ spatial visualisation before and after a 3DCAD intervention. The post-test scores from the PSVT:R for the groups were compared using ANCOVA. Results showed that there was a significant difference with a moderate positive effect in the spatial visualisation skills between the experimental group and the control group. Therefore, 3D-CAD proved to be an effective means of instruction in a GCD module.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- Introduction: The present study access the effect of the flavonoid-rich extract from Gongronema latifolium against cardiomyopathy streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: The flavonoid-rich extract from G. latifolium leaf (FREGL) was prepared using a standard method. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin. The experimental animals were divided into five groups as non-diabetic rats, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered low and high doses of FREGL (13 and 26 mg/kg), and metformin-glibenclamide orally for 21 days. Hence, the experimental animals were sacrificed; blood and heart were harvested to determine diverse biochemical parameters, including the gene expressions of serpin A3 and socs3-a as well as histological examination. Results: The results demonstrated that FREGL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB, including the relative gene expressions of serpin A3 and Socs3-A in diabetic rats. Also, diabetic rats that received different doses of FREGL showed a substantial rise in insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as, normal histoarchitecture of the heart tissues. Conclusion: Therefore, FREGL may be beneficial in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
- 0
- 12
- 0
- The present study conducts a dynamic conditional cross-correlation and time–frequency correlation analyses between cryptocurrency and equity markets in both advanced and emerging economies. The purpose of the study is twofold. First, the study investigates the presence of the pure (narrow) form of financial contagion between cryptocurrency and stock markets in both advanced and emerging economies, during the black swan event of the COVID-19 crisis. Second, the study examines the hedging and safe-haven properties of cryptocurrencies against equity markets, before and during periods of financial upheaval triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two econometric models are used: (1) the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) GARCH and (2) the wavelet analysis models. Using the DCC GARCH model, the study found the evidence of high conditional correlations between cryptocurrency and equity markets. The high conditional correlation was mostly detected in periods of financial turmoil corresponding to the first quarter and the second quarter of 2020. The increase in conditional correlation during periods of financial upheaval (compared to a tranquil period) indicates the presence of the pure form of financial contagion. The wavelet cross-correlation analysis showed the evidence of positive cross-correlation between the Bitcoin and the equity markets during period of financial turmoil. The cross-correlation was identified in both short and long (coarse) scales. In short scales, the equity markets lead the cryptocurrency market, while the cryptocurrency market leads equity markets in coarse scales. The findings of the present study revealed that the degree of interdependence between cryptocurrency and equity markets has substantially increased during the COVID-19 period, and this has negated the safe-haven and hedging benefits of cryptocurrencies over equity markets.
- 1
- 6
- 0
- This study explored the pedagogical dimension of the new NSFAS book allowance funding model focusing on the availability of prescribed textbooks, the perceived impact on teaching and learning, and student's academic achievement. The study applied the human activity system approach (HAS) and the activity systems model within this approach as its theoretical framework. A sample of 10lecturers drawn using convenience sampling participated in semi-structured inter-views designed within a phenomenology research framework. In the findings, lecturers reported a significant decline in the availability of prescribed text books among students and generally unsuccessful attempts to replace these with open educational resources. Consequentially the lecturers said the suboptimal academic performance was a direct output of the new NSFAS book allowance system. It was recommended that NSFAS engage lecturers in decisions relating to book allowance funding as their pedagogical approaches strongly relied on prescribed text books' availability. Universities should support policies and strategies that support the development, evaluation, and use of Open Educational Resources (OER) to increase the benefits of these resources while minimising their risks to students' performance.
- 1
- 9
- 0
- Purpose: The quality of maternal healthcare training is the most optimal degree of health in the delivery of effective, efficient and quality healthcare in midwifery discipline. Student accoucheurs studying at the Free State School of Nursing are faced with resistance, discrimination, rejection and unacceptability by pregnant women during their clinical placement at the Free State maternal healthcare institutions. This results in poor quality of training of student accoucheurs in maternal healthcare. Considerable studies have been conducted on males in midwifery nursing, but no guidelines have been developed to facilitate student accoucheurs' acceptance and improvement of the quality of training in maternal healthcare, hence the purpose of this study. Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive, explorative qualitative design was used in this study. Qualitative focused group discussions (n = 32) were conducted through purposeful sampling method. Data was analysed thematically. Findings: Three main categories emerged: student accoucheurs' related factors with social interactions and relations as a theme; maternal healthcare users’ related factors with transcultural diversity and socio-economic status as themes; nurse training institutions and maternal healthcare institutions service providers-related factors with gender inequality in the work place as a theme. Ultimately, the guidelines to facilitate acceptance and improvement of quality training of student accoucheurs in maternal healthcare institutions were developed and recommended for implementation. Originality/value: The paper developed guidelines to facilitate acceptance and improvement of quality training of student accoucheurs in Free State maternal healthcare institutions.
- 1
- 10
- 0
- Purpose: The paper aims to advocate for innovative approaches in terms of the involvement of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the conservation of the environment, which fully considers and includes the developmental needs of indigenous communities while at the same time protecting the environment. Design/methodology/approach: Using a qualitative study of indigenous communities and protected area (PA) authorities in Okhahlamba-Drakensberg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, this paper explores the potential of the engagement of HEIs in capacitating indigenous communities to unleash their development potential towards reducing poverty and, thus, accelerating the implementation of sustainable development goal one (SDG 1). Findings: The paper shows that the enforcement of stringently protectionist policies in environmental conservation in PAs does very little to address issues of poverty because it leads to the marginalization of indigenous communities and thereby their exclusion from using resources, which should benefit them. This undermines sustainable development, particularly the attainment of SDGs such as Goal 1, which targets ending poverty in all its forms everywhere. Originality/value: Using the case of environmental management and governance of a PA in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, this paper highlights the fact that the attainment of SDG 1 can start at a micro-level and HEIs have a role to play in terms of collaborating with and understanding the needs of the rural communities so that research and innovation are geared towards meeting such needs. In this way, the paper advances the case of how the HEI-rural community-SDG 1 nexus can be established.
- 1
- 17
- 0
- Purpose: This study aims to test the validity of the Rajan theory in South Africa and other selected emerging markets (Chile, Peru and Brazil) during the period 1975–2019. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the researchers used time-series data to estimate a Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model with hierarchical priors. The BVAR technique has the advantage of being able to accommodate a wide cross-section of variables without running out of degrees of freedom. It is also able to deal with dense parameterization by imposing structure on model coefficients via prior information and optimal choice of the degree of formativeness. Findings: The results for all countries except Peru confirmed the Rajan hypotheses, indicating that inequality contributes to high indebtedness, resulting in financial fragility. However, for Peru, this study finds it contradicts the theory. This study controlled for monetary policy shock and found the results differing country-specific. Originality/value: The findings suggest that an escalating level of inequality leads to financial fragility, which implies that policymakers ought to be cautious of excessive inequality when endeavouring to contain the risk of financial fragility, by implementing sound structural reform policies that aim to attract investments consistent with job creation, development and growth in these countries. Policymakers should also be cautious when implementing policy tools (redistributive policies, a sound monetary policy), as they seem to increase the risk of excessive credit growth and financial fragility, and they need to treat income inequality as an important factor relevant to macroeconomic aggregates and financial fragility.
- 1
- 13
- 0
Select desired time period